Dr Jason Potas
Research interests
Humans have a sophisticated somatosensory system (system of body sensors) which performs a variety of tasks we take for granted. Not only does it provide our motor system with feedback that enables fine motor control, but it also connects our brains to the outside world by providing us with the capacity to explore our environment as well as enjoy a physical connection with others.
While there have been recent outstanding advancements in motor prosthetics which can read brain signals and translate these into complex movement of a robotic arm, the loss of somatosensation limits the success of these motor prostheses. We are yet to work out how to close the loop with sensory feedback which is necessary to inform the brain of the position and textural experiences which drive our motor system to react appropriately. However, even with motor function, those who lose somatosensation (for example due to spinal cord injury or nerve damage) become disconnected from others including loved ones. Imagine what it must be like to shake someone’s hand, or picking up a small child, after your hand is replaced with a mechanical device; not only would you have poor grip, but you would miss out on the experience of the warmth and softness of human contact.
The focus of our research is to “close the loop” on sensorimotor control. We use a combination of electrophysiology, signal processing and machine learning in small animal models to discover how sensory information is coded in different parts of the central nervous system. We are looking at certain brain regions for the potential to replaced lost sensory information with electrical inputs from a prosthetic device (neuroprosthesis).
Our brain region of interest is the dorsal column nuclei (DCN), where somatosensory information from the body is “summarised” before it is sent to higher brain regions for further processing. By stimulating the body and recording multiple electrical signatures in the DCN, we have been able to extract information and use machine learning to inform us of: i) the location, and ii) the quality of a sensory event experienced on the body. By reading the DCN, we can already successfully discriminate between various somatosensory modalities such as different tactile stimuli as well as changes in limb position.
Biography
Dr Potas is currently a visiting fellow at ANU in the Department of Neuroscience at the John Curtin School of Medical Research.
Dr Potas commenced his scientific career at The University of Sydney, examining how different sensory (somatic and visceral) information affects blood pressure, by studying the spinal and brainstem functional and anatomical connections to autonomic control centres, and how the functional output pathways of these control centres affect blood pressure. During his first post-doc (Charité, Berlin), Dr Potas studied the cellular responses to cerebral ischemia. In his second post-doc (UNSW, Sydney), he investigated the cellular responses and the role of the immune system in reducing dysfunctional outcomes after spinal cord injury. In his third post-doc (UFRJ, Brazil) Dr Potas examined the electrophysiological properties of regenerating nervous tissues following peripheral nerve and spinal cord injury, and devised new injury models and evaluation techniques that allow the assessment of nervous functional integrity. Whilst in Brazil, he also devised a computational technique that allowed him to automatically evaluate peripheral nerve function, as well as techniques for differentiating nervous fibre types based on their electro-morphological characteristics. After a three year career break working as an applications scientist in industry, Dr Potas joined the Australian National University Medical School in 2010 at the John Curtin School of Medical Research where he contributed to teaching physiology and neuroscience and leads a research team studying sensory processing and pain.
Available student projects
Bionic touch: We are investigating the potential for the DCN as a somatosensory neuroprosthetic target. This project decodes sensory signals in the DCN in response to peripheral stimuli to predict the location and quality of sensory input. We will also stimulate the DCN to “recreate” the same electrical signatures evoked by natural stimuli.
DCN activity mapping: DCN activity is not symmetrically mapped across the surface of the brainstem. This project investigates the asymmetry of sensory representation in the context of handedness.
Spinal cord pre-processing of somatosensation: Sensory information may be significantly modified between the periphery and the DCN. This project focuses on the influence the spinal cord has on modulating ascending sensory inputs to the DCN.
Red light therapy in neuronal injury: Another interest of our group is how the somatosensory and motor systems are affected by injury. This project investigates the use of red light therapy for treating the nervous system in response to injury.
Publications
- Loutit, A, Vickery, R & Potas, J 2020, 'Functional organization and connectivity of the dorsal column nuclei complex reveals a sensorimotor integration and distribution hub', Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol. 529, pp. 187-220.
- Loutit, A & Potas, J 2020, 'Dorsal Column Nuclei Neural Signal Features Permit Robust Machine-Learning of Natural Tactile- and Proprioception-Dominated Stimuli', Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, vol. 14, no. -, pp. 1-19.
- Hu, D, Potas, J & Moalem-Taylor, G 2020, 'Red-Light (670 nm) Therapy Reduces Mechanical Sensitivity and Neuronal Cell Death, and Alters Glial Responses after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats', Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 37, no. 21, pp. 2244-2260.
- Loutit, A, Shivdasani, M, Maddess, T et al. 2019, 'Peripheral nerve activation evokes machine-learnable signals in the dorsal column nuclei', Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, vol. 13, pp. 11: 1-19.
- Hu, D, van Zeyl, M, Valter, K et al. 2019, 'Sex, but not skin tone affects penetration of red-light (660 nm) through sites susceptible to sports injury in lean live and cadaveric tissues', Journal of Biophotonics, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 1-11.
- Loutit, A, Maddess, T, Redmond, S et al. 2017, 'Characterisation and functional mapping of surface potentials in the rat dorsal column nuclei', Journal of Physiology, vol. 595, no. 13, pp. 4507-4524.
- Hu, D, Zhu, S & Potas, J 2016, 'Red LED photobiomodulation reduces pain hypersensitivity and improves sensorimotor function following mild T10 hemicontusion spinal cord injury', Journal of Neuroinflammation, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1-15.
- Potas, J, Gonvales de Castro, N, Maddess, T et al. 2015, 'Waveform Similarity Analysis: A Simple Template Comparing Approach for Detecting and Quantifying Noisy Evoked Compound Action Potentials', PLOS ONE (Public Library of Science), vol. 10, no. 9, pp. e0136992-e0136992.
- Potas, J, Haque, F, Maclean, F et al 2015, 'Interleukin-10 conjugated electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibre scaffolds for promoting alternatively activated (M2) macrophages around the peripheral nerve in vivo', Journal of Immunological Methods, vol. 420, pp. 38-49.
- Fernandez-Klett, F, Potas, J, Hilpert, D et al 2013, 'Early loss of pericytes and perivascular stromal cell-induced scar formation after stroke', Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 428-439.
- Potas, J, Zheng, Y, Moussa, C et al 2006, 'Augmented Locomotor Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury in the Athymic Nude Rat', Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 660-673.
- Potas, J, Dirnagl, U & Priller, J 2005, 'Molecular and cellular changes in stroke: an emphasis on glial and inflammatory mechanisms', in Sean P Brown (ed.), Focus on Stroke Research, Nova Biomedical Books, New York, pp. 27-50.
- Potas, J, Briscoe, H, Horiuchi, J et al 2004, 'Renal sympathetic and cardiac changes associated with anaphylactic hypotension', Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical, vol. 112, pp. 25-30.
- Potas, J & Dampney, R 2004, 'Evidence that venoconstriction reverses the phase II sympathoinhibitory and brdaycardic response to haemorrhage', Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical, vol. 111, pp. 1-6.
- Potas, JR; Briscoe, H; Horiuchi, J; et al 2004, 'Renal sympathetic and cardiac changes associated with anaphylactic hypotension', Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical Volume: 112 Issue: 1-2 Pages: 25-30
- Potas, JR; Dampney, RAL. 2004, 'Evidence that venoconstriction reverses the phase II sympathoinhibitory and bradycardic response to haemorrhage', Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical Volume: 111 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-6
- Potas, J & Dampney, R 2003, 'Sympathoinhibitory pathway from caudal midline medulla to RVLM is independent of baroreceptor reflex pathway', American Journal of Physiology: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, vol. 284, pp. R1071-R1078.
- Potas, J, Keay, K, Henderson, L et al 2003, 'Somatic and visceral afferents to the vasodepressor region of the caudal midline medulla in the rat', European Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 17, pp. 1135-1149.
- Potas, JR; Dampney, RAL. 'Sympathoinhibitory pathway from caudal midline medulla to RVLM is independent of baroreceptor reflex pathway', American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology Volume: 284 Issue: 4 Pages: R1071-R1078
- Potas, JR; Keay, KA; Henderson, LA; et al.'Somatic and visceral afferents to the 'vasodepressor region' of the caudal midline medulla in the rat', European Journal of Neuroscience Volume: 17 Issue: 6 Pages: 1135-1149